Industrial Tailings in Traunsee (Austria) Revisited: The Status of 1999

Alkaline tailings from a salt work and a soda plant have been pumped into the southernmost part of Traunsee at Ebensee for many decades. A survey in 1981 showed an accumulation of more than 3 × 10⁶ m³ alkaline mud in the Bay of Ebensee and the existence of slumping structures and turbidites in the profundal zone of the lake. A new survey of the industrial tailings has been performed in 1999. Compared to the earlier survey, the accumulation in the Bay of Ebensee has grown to >4 × 10⁶ m³, which suggests an average yearly input of 90 000 m³. Slumping structures and turbidites document the unstable situation of the tailings near the waste inlet. The lake area occasionally affected by the turbidity currents in the profundal zone has increased to 19%. Within the central profundal area these tailings reach <1 m in thickness.     

WATER USE AND WATER CONSERVATION BY THE COPPER MINING INDUSTRY1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the use of water by copper mines for treating low grade ores. The froth flotation process for treating sulphide ore and the heap leaching process for treating oxide ore are described, and ways of reducing the amount of water used in these processes are discussed. Estimates of the costs reducing water consumption are given. Finally, the circumstances in which it would be desirable for a copper mine to reduce its level of water consumption are considered.     

Environmental Impact Assessment of the Mining and Concentration Activities in the Kola Peninsula, Russia by Multidate Remote Sensing

On the Kola Peninsula, the mining and concentration industry exerts anthropogenic impact on the environment. Tailing dumps cause airborne pollution through dusting, and waterborne pollution due to direct dumping and accidental releases. The objectives were: (1) to analyse multidate satellite imagesfor 1964–1996 to assess the environmental pollution from themining and concentration activity in the Kola in temporal perspective; (2) to evaluate remote sensing methods for integrated environmental impact assessment. The area of mining and industrial sites steadily expands and amounted to 94 km² in 1996. The polluted water surface amounted to at least 150 km² through dumping in 1978 and to 106 km² in1986 due to dusting. Thus, the impact from the mining and concentration activity should be reconsidered as more significant than it was officially anticipated. In the past the main mechanism of pollution wasdirect dumping into the lakes. Currently and in future, airborne pollution after dusting storms will dominate. The effective recultivation of the tailing dumps will be a long-term process. For effective assessment of impacts from the mining and concentration industry, remote sensing methods should be complemented by in-situ measurements, fieldwork, and mathematical modelling.     

铁尾矿地砖的制备及其机理分析

简要介绍了唐山地区铁矿尾矿制备铁尾矿砖的试验研究，并设计制备铁尾矿砖生产工艺流程和最佳配比。研究结果表明，以铁尾矿为主要材料，通过掺加适量的水泥、粉煤灰、粗骨料和一定的外加剂，经常温常压养护28天后，抗压强度可达到28．30MPa，抗折强度为5．63MPa，同时长期性能研究也表明可以制备出合格的铁尾矿地砖。为铁尾矿大量资源化利用辊供了一条新的徐径．同时还对铁尾砖的微观机理作了初步研究。     

锡工业砷和铅排放标准的初步研究

根据污染源现场调研结果,结合现有污染控制工艺所能达到的技术水平,建议污水排放标准中As浓度由现国家排放标准的0 5mg/L调整为0 1mg/L;Pb不变为1 0mg/L。大气污染物排放标准中As和Pb不变为1 0mg/L。大气污染物排放标准As和Pb的浓度限值分别是为0 5mg/m3和0 7mg/m3。     

铜陵市铜尾矿土壤动物群落生态研究

对安徽省铜陵市铜尾矿地6种生境中土壤动物群落进行野外调查和室内分析，研究不同弃置堆放时间的铜尾矿地土壤的动物群落结构及其与尾矿基质理化性质、植被状况等生境条件之间的关系。结果表明，尾矿堆放时间、区位地貌和植被状况的不同，尾矿基质的理化性质发生变化，导致土壤动物的种类组成和数量分布具有明显差异。土壤动物在土体中的表聚性强，绝大部分集中分布于A层(0～5cm)；土壤的物理性质越稳定，土壤动物越丰富；土壤肥力越高，土壤动物越丰富多样。即尾矿地土壤的生境条件越优越，土壤动物群落的物种丰富度越大，个体数量分布越多，群落多样性越高。这些研究结论为尾矿区的生态修复和可持续利用提供了参考依据。     

氰化尾渣制备微电解填料及降解甲基橙研究

以氰化尾渣为原料,采用煤基直接还原工艺制备铁碳微电解填料,并将填料用于处理甲基橙等模拟废水.研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、煤用量等制备条件对填料降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明,在焙烧温度为1250℃,焙烧时间为60min,煤用量为30%的条件下制备的微电解填料对甲基橙废水的脱色效果最好.提高填料用量和降低溶液初始pH值有利于去除甲基橙.用于处理400mL浓度为100mg/L的甲基橙溶液,在填料用量为2g,溶液初始pH值在3~6的范围内,当降解时间为30min时,甲基橙脱色率均接近100%.XRD分析表明,最佳条件下制备的填料中主要结晶物相为零价铁.SEM显示填料中的零价铁颗粒粒度均在50μm以下,零价铁与残碳构成微电解填料.     

云南省锡矿资源与可持续发展

云南省锡矿资源储量居全国前列,锡产量在世界锡工业中举足轻重。虽然云南省锡矿资源开发程度高,但“四矿”(矿业、矿山、矿工、矿城)问题严重,锡矿资源的开发与可持续发展矛盾突出。需加强锡矿资源的地质勘探和宏观调控,加大人才、资金、科技投入和产业支持力度,将锡矿资源优势转化为锡工业优势,应充分利用云南省的地理优势扩大对外交流,实现锡矿资源的可持续发展。     

Effect of Earthworm(Pheretima sp.) Density on Revegetation of Lead/zinc Metal Mine Tailings Amended with Soil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of earthworm density on the availability of nutrients and heavy metals in metal contaminated soils. Pb/Zn mine tailings were mixed throughly with a red yellow podzolic soil at the ratio (w/w) of 75:25. Earthworms (Pheretima sp.) were introduced to the mixture at four different densities, zero, three, six and nine individuals per pot planted with ryegrass (Loliun multiflorum). The results indicated that earthworm activity significantly enhanced ryegrass shoot biomass. However, as denser earthworm population was introduced, shoot biomass tended to decrease. Earthworm activity significantly increased soil pH and availability of N, P and K in the tailings and soil mixture. There was a general tendency that uptake of Zn by ryegrass increased after earthworm inoculation, although the increase in extractable Zn in tailings and soil mixture was not significant. On the contrary, there seemed to be a lower uptake of Pb by ryegrass under earthworm inoclation, despite the fact that higher extractable Pb concentrations were observed. The present project indicated that the improved growth of ryegrass was due to improved nutrient availability and other soil conditions, by inoculation of earthworms at an appropriate rate. Further studies are needed to illustrate the relationship between metal availability and earthworm activity in the field.     

植物群落对铜尾矿废弃地土壤微生物量和酶活性的影响

以铜尾矿废弃地为对象,研究了铜尾矿废弃地上植物群落发展与表层尾矿微生物量C、N和脱氢酶、过氧化氢碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性的变化,探讨了植物群落-微生物量C、N_土壤酶活性之间的相互关系.结果表明,随着植物群落的发展,铜尾矿废弃地表层尾矿微生物量和酶活性在不断增加;铜官山老尾矿废弃地白茅群落下表层尾矿(TBM)微生物量和酶活性与杨山冲尾矿废弃地及铜官山新尾矿废弃地表层尾矿微生物量和酶活性存在显著差异性(p<0.05).相关分析表明铜尾矿废弃地表层尾矿微生物量C、N与土壤有机质、总氮之间呈显著正相关(P<0.01);脱氧酶、碱性磷酸酶及脲酶与微生物量C、微生物量N、土壤有机质、总氮之问呈显著正相关(P<0.01),但过氧化氢酶与微生物量C、微生物量N、土壤有机质、总氮之间呈显著负相关(P<0.01).